| 2024-10-19 | UFC Fight Night: Hernandez vs. Pereira | Flyweight | Asu Almabayev def. Matheus Nicolau | Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 29–28, 29–28) | 3 | 5:00 |
| 2024-04-27 | UFC on ESPN: Nicolau vs. Perez | Flyweight | Alex Perez def. Matheus Nicolau | KO (punch) | 2 | 2:16 |
| 2023-04-15 | UFC on ESPN: Holloway vs. Allen | Flyweight | Brandon Royval def. Matheus Nicolau | KO (knee and elbows) | 1 | 2:09 |
| 2022-12-03 | UFC on ESPN: Thompson vs. Holland | Flyweight | Matheus Nicolau def. Matt Schnell | KO (punches) | 2 | 1:44 |
| 2022-03-26 | UFC on ESPN: Blaydes vs. Daukaus | Flyweight | Matheus Nicolau def. David Dvořák | Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 29–28, 29–28) | 3 | 5:00 |
| 2021-10-09 | UFC Fight Night: Dern vs. Rodriguez | Flyweight | Matheus Nicolau def. Tim Elliott | Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 29–28, 29–28) | 3 | 5:00 |
| 2021-03-13 | UFC Fight Night: Edwards vs. Muhammad | Flyweight | Matheus Nicolau def. Manel Kape | Decision (split) (28–29, 29–28, 29–28) | 3 | 5:00 |
| 2018-07-28 | UFC on Fox: Alvarez vs. Poirier 2 | Flyweight | Dustin Ortiz def. Matheus Nicolau | KO (head kick and punches) | 1 | 3:49 |
| 2017-12-30 | UFC 219: Cyborg vs. Holm | Flyweight | Matheus Nicolau def. Louis Smolka | Decision (unanimous) (30–26, 30–26, 30–25) | 3 | 5:00 |
| 2016-07-08 | The Ultimate Fighter: Team Joanna vs. Team Cláudia Finale | Flyweight | Matheus Nicolau def. John Moraga | Decision (split) (29–28, 28–29, 29–28) | 3 | 5:00 |
| 2015-11-07 | UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 3 | Bantamweight | Matheus Nicolau def. Bruno Korea | Submission (Japanese necktie) | 3 | 3:27 |